High Arch Feet (Pes Cavus)

What symptoms can pes cavus (cavus foot) cause?

If high arch feet cause you symptoms, the first ones you’re likely to notice are:

• Foot pain, especially in the ball or heel
• Ankle pain and swelling
• Arch pain

Over time, you may develop:

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• Corns and calluses on the parts of your foot that take more pressure
• Ankle joint instability, causing it to frequently roll or even sprain
• Inward-curling toes (claw toes or hammertoes)

Some people develop chronic pain from repetitive strain injuries, like:

• Metatarsalgia (inflammation in the ball of your foot)
• Plantar fasciitis (inflammation in a ligament in your heel)
• Peroneal tendonitis (inflammation in a tendon in your outer ankle)

How does pes cavus affect walking?

Walking on high arch feet causes supination (under pronation). This means you tend to walk on the outsides of your feet, putting more pressure on less flexible parts: the ball, the heel and the outer toes.

A normal foot rolls from the outside of the foot toward the inside (pronates) when you step on it. This helps it absorb shock and adapt to uneven surfaces. But high arches don’t roll very well, so your feet stay on the outer edge instead.

How does pes cavus change your foot?

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When pes cavus (cavus foot) progresses and causes further musculoskeletal changes to your foot, these changes take one of two forms. Healthcare providers call them pes cavovarus and pes calcaneocavus:

• Pes cavovarus (cavovarus foot). Cavovarus foot is the most common variation of pes cavus. It combines high arches (cavus) with an inward-tilting heel (varus). The big toe is flexed to point down (plantarflexed,) making the whole foot arch. It’s also called hollow foot or claw foot.
• Pes calcaneocavus (calcaneocavus foot). Calcaneocavus foot is a less common variation. In this version, your heel (calcaneus) is flexed upward (dorsiflexed), while your forefoot is flexed downward, making your arches highest in the back. It’s sometimes called posterior pes cavus.

What are the complications of high arch feet?

High arches can cause progressive deformity of your foot, making walking increasingly painful and unstable. Besides repetitive strain on your foot itself, this may also cause secondary problems, like:

• Knee pain
• Back pain
• Foot and ankle arthritis

What causes pes cavus?

Many people are born with high arches, so genetics are certainly a factor. However, in other cases, high arch feet can be a symptom of another condition, such as spina bifida or muscular dystrophy.

Muscle imbalances in your lower body can cause anatomical changes leading to high arch feet. When some muscles are abnormally weak, others become abnormally tight and pull your foot out of shape.

Neuromuscular disorders are the most common reason for these muscle imbalances. These disorders affect how your nerves communicate with your muscles, often leaving some muscles inactivated.

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Many of these are genetic disorders that children inherit at birth. But they progress very slowly, so they may not be diagnosed right away. High arch feet in children may be one of the first symptoms.

Examples of hereditary causes include:

• Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease
• Muscular dystrophy
• Spina bifida occulta

Neuromuscular disorders can also happen during your life, due to things like:

• Diabetes-related neuropathy
• Spinal tumors
• Stroke

Injuries and contractures can also cause cavus foot. For example, misaligned bones may cause muscle imbalances. Not moving enough after an injury can cause your tissues to tighten and contract.

Sometimes, babies are born with muscle contractures, not because of a neurological disorder or injury, but because it happened in the womb. Clubfoot is a congenital contracture that can cause pes cavus.

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Danh mục: Info